Thyroid disorders are surprisingly common, yet many people live with them for years without even realising it. If you’ve been feeling unusually tired, anxious, gaining or losing weight without explanation, or struggling with temperature sensitivity, your thyroid may be to blame.
This small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck plays a huge role in your overall health. At Dr. Jolandi Meyer’s practice, we often see patients who are confused and frustrated about their symptoms, only to discover that the thyroid is the missing piece of the puzzle.
What Is the Thyroid and Why Is It So Important?
Your thyroid gland is part of your endocrine system. It produces hormones – mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) – which regulate your body’s metabolism. These hormones influence how fast your heart beats, how well you digest food, your energy levels, mood, weight, and even menstrual cycles.
When the thyroid isn’t working properly, it can either be underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism) – both of which affect your body in different ways.
Common Thyroid Disorders
Let’s take a closer look at the main types of thyroid conditions:
1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
This is the most common thyroid disorder, especially among women. It occurs when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones.
Common symptoms include:
Fatigue, even after a full night’s sleep
Weight gain without increased eating
Depression or mood swings
Constipation
Cold intolerance
Dry skin and brittle nails
Slowed heart rate
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
This happens when the thyroid produces too much hormone, speeding up bodily functions.
Symptoms include:
Rapid heartbeat
Unexplained weight loss
Anxiety or irritability
Difficulty sleeping
Heat intolerance
Tremors
Frequent bowel movements
3. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid, often leading to hypothyroidism.
4. Graves’ Disease
Another autoimmune condition, but in this case, it causes hyperthyroidism. The immune system mistakenly stimulates the thyroid to produce too much hormone.
5. Thyroid Nodules or Goitre
Lumps or swelling in the thyroid, which may or may not affect hormone production. Most nodules are benign, but some require further investigation.
What Causes Thyroid Disorders?
Several factors can contribute to thyroid disorders, including:
Autoimmune diseases (like Hashimoto’s or Graves’)
Iodine deficiency or excess
Genetics – a family history of thyroid problems increases risk
Pregnancy or postpartum hormonal shifts
Radiation exposure to the neck or head
Certain medications, including lithium or amiodarone
Pituitary gland disorders, though less common
Who Is at Risk?
While thyroid disorders can affect anyone, you’re at higher risk if:
You are female (especially over the age of 35)
You have a family history of thyroid disease
You have an autoimmune condition (e.g., type 1 diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
You are pregnant or recently gave birth
You have a history of iodine imbalance
How Are Thyroid Disorders Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually straightforward with a combination of:
Symptom review and physical examination
Blood tests to check levels of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T4, and T3
Antibody tests to check for autoimmune thyroid conditions
Ultrasound or thyroid scans, if nodules or structural issues are suspected
If you’re experiencing persistent symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, or mood swings, don’t dismiss them. Early testing can prevent complications and get you feeling better sooner.
Treatment Options for Thyroid Disorders
The good news? Most thyroid disorders can be effectively managed with the right treatment plan. Here’s how:
For Hypothyroidism
Hormone replacement therapy using synthetic thyroxine (levothyroxine) is the most common approach.
Regular monitoring and blood tests are essential to adjust the dosage.
For Hyperthyroidism
Medications to reduce thyroid hormone production (e.g., carbimazole, methimazole)
Radioactive iodine therapy to shrink the thyroid
Surgery (thyroidectomy) in severe or resistant cases
For Autoimmune Thyroid Conditions
These are managed similarly to hypo- or hyperthyroidism, depending on hormone levels
Anti-inflammatory and lifestyle interventions may support overall immune function
Lifestyle Tips for Managing Thyroid Health
While medical treatment is crucial, lifestyle choices also play a role in thyroid wellness.
Nutrition
Ensure adequate iodine (but not too much!) through iodised salt and seafood
Eat selenium-rich foods like Brazil nuts and eggs
Avoid excessive soy and cruciferous vegetables in raw form if you have hypothyroidism
Stress Management
Chronic stress can worsen thyroid dysfunction. Incorporate relaxation techniques like yoga, journaling, or mindfulness meditation.
Exercise
Regular movement supports metabolism, mood, and overall hormone balance. Start slow if you’re fatigued.
Regular Check-ups
Even when symptoms improve, ongoing monitoring is vital to ensure your thyroid levels remain balanced.
When to See Your Doctor
If you’re experiencing unexplained fatigue, mood changes, or weight fluctuations, it’s worth discussing the possibility of thyroid issues with your doctor. At Dr. Jolandi Meyer’s practice, we’ll listen to your symptoms, run the appropriate tests, and help you take back control of your health.
Thyroid disorders are more common than many realise, and often go undiagnosed for too long. The good news is that with the right diagnosis and treatment, you can feel like yourself again.
If you suspect something’s not quite right, don’t wait. Reach out to Dr. Jolandi Meyer for a thorough check-up and personalised care. Your thyroid may be small, but its impact on your life is anything but.
Common Ailments Treated by Dr. Jolandi Meyer
Dr. Jolandi Meyer’s expertise and comprehensive treatment options make her an exceptional General Practitioner for addressing all ailments. She provides personalised care, empowering patients to achieve optimal health. Her compassionate approach ensures patients receive the highest quality treatment. Her practice is located in Garsfontein, Pretoria on the same premises as The Way Recovery Centre.
With her support and guidance, patients can embark on a journey towards improved well-being and a healthier, happier life.